改革宗神学探讨（旧文整理 01） / Reformed Theology Studies (Archive 01)

希特勒真的是民主选举出来的吗？
Was Hitler Really Democratically Elected?

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你的问题
Your Question

希特勒也是民主选举出来的，他是在什么背景下被选择的呢？
Hitler was also chosen through democracy. Under what background did this happen?

当时参与投票的基督徒多吗？
Did many Christians vote in those elections?

还是因为许多基督徒放弃了投票，他才得以上台？
Or did Hitler come to power because many Christians did not vote?

一、首先需要纠正一个常见说法
First, We Need to Correct a Common Statement

严格地说，希特勒并不是由德国人民直接选举成为总理的。
Strictly speaking, the German people did not directly elect Hitler as chancellor.

1932年，希特勒参加德国总统选举，但他输给了兴登堡。
In 1932, Hitler ran for president of Germany, but he lost to Paul von Hindenburg.

后来，纳粹党在国会选举中成为第一大党，但从未在自由的全国选举中获得过超过半数的选票。
Later, the Nazi Party became the largest party in parliament, but it never won more than half the vote in a free national election.

在1932年7月的国会选举中，纳粹党获得约37.3%的选票。
In the July 1932 parliamentary election, the Nazi Party received about 37.3 percent of the vote.

在1932年11月的下一次选举中，纳粹党的支持率反而下降到约33.1%。
In the next election in November 1932, Nazi support actually fell to about 33.1 percent.

1933年1月30日，是总统兴登堡任命希特勒担任总理，而不是希特勒在一次总理直选中获胜。
On January 30, 1933, President Hindenburg appointed Hitler as chancellor; Hitler did not win a direct election for chancellor.

二、希特勒是在什么背景下上台的？
Under What Conditions Did Hitler Come to Power?

1.
第一次世界大战失败与民族羞辱
1. Defeat in World War I and National Humiliation

德国在第一次世界大战中战败。
Germany was defeated in World War I.

《凡尔赛条约》给德国带来了领土损失、军事限制和沉重的赔款。
The Treaty of Versailles brought territorial losses, military restrictions, and heavy reparations upon Germany.

许多德国人认为自己的国家受到了羞辱。
Many Germans believed that their nation had been humiliated.

希特勒利用这种愤怒，承诺恢复德国的尊严和力量。
Hitler used this anger and promised to restore Germany’s dignity and power.

2.
经济危机与大量失业
2. Economic Crisis and Mass Unemployment

1929年以后，世界经济大萧条严重打击了德国。
After 1929, the Great Depression severely damaged Germany.

企业倒闭，银行发生危机，大量工人失业。
Businesses failed, banks faced crises, and large numbers of workers became unemployed.

许多人失去了对温和政党和民主政府的信任。
Many people lost confidence in moderate parties and democratic government.

研究显示，经济衰退和政府紧缩措施与极端主义支持率的上升密切相关。
Research shows that economic hardship and government austerity were closely associated with rising support for extremist parties.

3.
对共产主义的恐惧
3. Fear of Communism

当时德国共产党也迅速发展。
At that time, the German Communist Party was also growing rapidly.