基督徒的成圣：效法基督，倚靠圣灵更新生命（上） / Christian Sanctification: Following Christ and Being Renewed by the Holy Spirit (Part One)

说明：中文经文采用《和合本》；为完整列出英文经文，英文采用可公开全文引用的 WEB。解释部分使用简单的 ESL 英语。

Note: The Chinese Scripture text is from the Chinese Union Version. The complete English text is from the publicly available WEB. The explanations use simple ESL English.

一、信仰宣告

I. Statement of Faith

我们相信，基督徒应当效法基督（罗15:5），离恶行善（彼前3:11）、追求圣洁（来12:14）、秉公行义（约壹2:29）。

We believe that Christians should follow Christ (Romans 15:5), turn away from evil and do good (1 Peter 3:11), pursue holiness (Hebrews 12:14), and practice righteousness (1 John 2:29).

但我们也相信，基督徒唯有倚靠圣灵的工作，并借着与基督的十字架联合，才能治死肉体的罪行（罗8:13；加5:24）、抵挡魔鬼（雅4:7）、胜过世界（约壹5:4）。

But we also believe that Christians can put sinful deeds to death only by the work of the Holy Spirit and through their union with Christ in His cross (Romans 8:13; Galatians 5:24). In this way, they resist the devil (James 4:7) and overcome the world (1 John 5:4).

圣灵使我们的心意不断更新而变化（罗12:2），在我们里面结出圣灵的果子（加5:22–23），使我们穿上新人（西3:10），越来越像基督（罗8:29；林后3:18），并逐渐达到基督长成的身量（弗4:13）。

The Holy Spirit continually renews and transforms our minds (Romans 12:2), produces His fruit in us (Galatians 5:22–23), enables us to put on the new self (Colossians 3:10), makes us more like Christ (Romans 8:29; 2 Corinthians 3:18), and helps us grow toward the fullness of Christ (Ephesians 4:13).

二、基督徒蒙召效法基督

II. Christians Are Called to Follow Christ

1. 罗马书15:5——效法基督，彼此同心

Romans 15:5—Following Christ and Living in Harmony

中文《和合本》：

Chinese—CUV:

但愿赐忍耐安慰的神，叫你们彼此同心，效法基督耶稣。

Now the God of perseverance and of encouragement grant you to be of the same mind with one another according to Christ Jesus.

经文解释

Explanation

效法基督不只是模仿耶稣外在的行为，也包括学习祂对父神的顺服、对罪人的怜悯，以及对弟兄姊妹的忍耐。

Following Christ does not mean only copying Jesus’ outward actions. It also means learning His obedience to the Father, His mercy toward sinners, and His patience with other believers.

保罗在这里特别强调教会中的同心。

Paul especially emphasizes harmony within the church.

一个人若声称自己爱基督，却长期骄傲、争竞、怀恨并拒绝饶恕，他的生活就与基督的样式不相称。

If someone says that he loves Christ but continues in pride, rivalry, bitterness, and unforgiveness, his life does not agree with Christ’s character.

这种忍耐与同心不是出于人的天然性格，而是“赐忍耐安慰的神”在信徒里面工作的结果。

This patience and harmony do not come naturally from human character. They are the result of God working within believers.

改革宗要点

Reformed Teaching

成圣是神恩典的工作，但信徒也必须积极顺服神。

Sanctification is a work of God’s grace, but believers must also actively obey God.

我们不是靠效法基督得到称义，而是因信称义以后，开始结出效法基督的果子。

We are not justified by following Christ. After we are justified by faith, we begin to produce the fruit of following Christ.

好行为不是我们得救的根基，却是蒙恩得救所结出的果子和证据。

Good works are not the foundation of our salvation. They are the fruit and evidence of saving grace.

生活应用

Life Application

当家人的意见与我不同时，我是否愿意学习基督的忍耐？

When my family members disagree with me, am I willing to learn Christ’s patience?

在教会中，我是促进同心，还是制造争竞和分裂？

In the church, do I promote harmony, or do I cause rivalry and division?

2. 彼得前书3:11——离恶行善，寻求和睦

1 Peter 3:11—Turning from Evil and Doing Good

中文《和合本》：

Chinese—CUV:

也要离恶行善，寻求和睦，一心追赶。

Let him turn away from evil and do good. Let him seek peace and pursue it.

经文解释

Explanation

真正的悔改包含两个方向：离开罪恶，并转向良善。

True repentance has two directions: turning away from evil and turning toward what is good.

基督徒不能只说：“我不再做这件坏事了。”

A Christian should not only say, “I will stop doing this evil thing.”

他还应当按照神的旨意积极行善。

He should also actively do what is good according to God’s will.

偷窃的人不但要停止偷窃，还应当诚实工作，并帮助有需要的人。

A person who steals should not only stop stealing. He should work honestly and help people in need.

说谎的人不但要停止说谎，还应当学习用爱心说诚实话。

A person who lies should not only stop lying. He should learn to speak the truth in love.

“寻求和睦，一心追赶”表明，和睦通常不会自动出现。

“To seek peace and pursue it” shows that peace does not usually happen automatically.

信徒需要主动沟通、认罪、饶恕，并尽力恢复关系。

Believers need to communicate, confess their sins, forgive, and work to restore relationships.

然而，追求和睦不等于牺牲真理，也不等于纵容罪恶。

However, seeking peace does not mean sacrificing truth or allowing sin to continue.

圣经所教导的和睦，是建立在真理、公义、悔改和爱心之上的。

Biblical peace is built on truth, righteousness, repentance, and love.

3. 希伯来书12:14——追求和睦与圣洁

Hebrews 12:14—Pursuing Peace and Holiness

中文《和合本》：

Chinese—CUV:

你们要追求与众人和睦，并要追求圣洁；非圣洁没有人能见主。

Follow after peace with all men, and the sanctification without which no man will see the Lord.

经文解释

Explanation

“追求”表示认真、持续并主动地向着一个目标前进。

The word “pursue” means moving seriously, continually, and actively toward a goal.

基督徒不能说：“我已经信主，所以我的生活怎样都没有关系。”

A Christian cannot say, “I already believe in Jesus, so it does not matter how I live.”

我们完全靠恩典得救，但真正使人得救的恩典，也必定会逐渐改变人的生命。

We are saved completely by grace. But the grace that truly saves also gradually changes a person’s life.

“非圣洁没有人能见主”不是说，人必须先靠自己达到完全圣洁，然后才能得救。

“No one will see the Lord without holiness” does not mean that a person must first make himself perfectly holy before he can be saved.

它的意思是，凡真正与基督联合、被神称义的人，也必定会被圣灵带进成圣的道路。

It means that everyone who is truly united with Christ and justified by God will also be led by the Holy Spirit into sanctification.

称义与成圣必须加以区别，却绝不能彼此分开。

Justification and sanctification must be distinguished, but they can never be separated.

称义是神一次性的宣告：祂因基督的义，把相信基督的罪人算为义人。

Justification is God’s once-for-all declaration. Because of Christ’s righteousness, He counts the believing sinner as righteous.

成圣是圣灵在信徒一生中持续进行的工作，使他越来越恨恶罪，也越来越喜爱神的圣洁。

Sanctification is the continuing work of the Holy Spirit throughout the believer’s life. He causes the believer to hate sin more and love God’s holiness more.

4. 约翰一书2:29——行义显明属神的生命

1 John 2:29—Practicing Righteousness Shows a Life from God

中文《和合本》：

Chinese—CUV:

你们若知道他是公义的，就知道凡行公义之人都是他所生的。

If you know that he is righteous, you know that everyone who practices righteousness has been born of him.

经文解释

Explanation

神的儿女行义，不是为了赚取神儿女的身份。

God’s children practice righteousness, not to earn the right to become God’s children.

他们行义，是因为神已经借着圣灵赐给他们新的生命。

They practice righteousness because God has already given them new life through the Holy Spirit.

树的果子显明树的性质；同样，一个人持续的生活方向，也会显明他里面生命的性质。

The fruit of a tree shows what kind of tree it is. In the same way, the continuing direction of a person’s life reveals the nature of the life within him.

这不是说，真正的基督徒在今生已经不会犯罪。

This does not mean that true Christians no longer sin in this life.

真正的基督徒仍会软弱、跌倒，也会经历内心的争战。

True Christians still experience weakness, failure, and inward conflict.

但是，他不会安心住在罪中，把罪合理化，并且一直拒绝悔改。

However, he will not remain comfortably in sin, justify his sin, and continually refuse to repent.

基督徒生命的重要标志，不是“从来没有跌倒”，而是跌倒以后蒙圣灵责备，再次悔改归向基督。

An important mark of the Christian life is not “never falling.” It is being convicted by the Holy Spirit after falling, repenting, and returning to Christ.

三、唯有靠圣灵才能治死罪恶

III. Sin Can Be Put to Death Only by the Holy Spirit

5. 罗马书8:13——靠圣灵治死身体的恶行

Romans 8:13—Putting Sinful Deeds to Death by the Spirit

中文《和合本》：

Chinese—CUV:

你们若顺从肉体活着，必要死；若靠着圣灵治死身体的恶行，必要活着。

For if you live after the flesh, you must die; but if by the Spirit you put to death the deeds of the body, you will live.

经文解释

Explanation

“肉体”在这里主要不是指人的身体，而是指人堕落以后犯罪的本性和倾向。

“The flesh” here does not mainly mean the human body. It means the sinful nature and desires of fallen humanity.

“治死”不是轻看罪、隐藏罪或为罪寻找理由，而是认真地对付罪，使罪不能继续管理我们的生命。

“To put to death” does not mean ignoring sin, hiding sin, or making excuses for sin. It means seriously fighting sin so that it no longer rules our lives.

我们必须治死罪，但我们只能“靠着圣灵”这样做。

We must put sin to death, but we can do this only “by the Spirit.”

圣灵借着神的话使我们认识罪，赐给我们悔改和信心，也使我们有力量拒绝试探。

Through God’s Word, the Holy Spirit helps us recognize sin. He gives us repentance and faith and enables us to reject temptation.

靠圣灵不是消极地等待神替我们做一切事情。

Depending on the Spirit does not mean passively waiting for God to do everything for us.

靠圣灵意味着在祷告中倚靠祂，并积极使用神所赐的蒙恩之道，与罪争战。

Depending on the Spirit means trusting Him in prayer and actively using the means of grace that God has given us to fight sin.

生活应用

Life Application

我们需要具体指出自己的罪，而不能只笼统地说：“我是一个罪人。”

We need to identify our sins specifically. We should not only say, “I am a sinner.”

我们应当问：我现在需要治死的是骄傲、贪心、淫念、苦毒、懒惰、谎言，还是不饶恕？

We should ask: Do I need to put pride, greed, sexual lust, bitterness, laziness, lying, or unforgiveness to death?

6. 加拉太书5:24——把肉体钉在十字架上

Galatians 5:24—Crucifying the Flesh

中文《和合本》：

Chinese—CUV:

凡属基督耶稣的人，是已经把肉体连肉体的邪情私欲同钉在十字架上了。

Those who belong to Christ have crucified the flesh with its passions and lusts.

经文解释

Explanation

信徒治死罪恶的根基，是他已经属于基督，并与基督联合。

The foundation for putting sin to death is that the believer already belongs to Christ and is united with Him.

基督在十字架上不但担当了罪的刑罚，也打破了罪对信徒的统治。

On the cross, Christ not only bore the punishment of sin. He also broke sin’s ruling power over believers.

“同钉十字架”表明，我们不能一面宣称属于基督，一面仍把肉体的私欲当作主人。

“To crucify the flesh” shows that we cannot claim to belong to Christ while still treating sinful desires as our master.

然而，肉体虽然已经受到决定性的审判，信徒在今生仍需要天天与残余的罪争战。

Although the flesh has received a decisive judgment, believers must still fight remaining sin every day in this life.

“十架的对付”不是说，每一种痛苦本身都能使人成圣。

“The work of the cross” does not mean that every kind of suffering automatically makes a person holy.

它首先是指，我们因与被钉十字架的基督联合，就否定老我的统治，并顺服基督。

It first means that because we are united with the crucified Christ, we reject the rule of the old self and submit to Christ.

四、抵挡魔鬼，胜过世界

IV. Resisting the Devil and Overcoming the World

7. 雅各书4:7——顺服神，抵挡魔鬼

James 4:7—Submitting to God and Resisting the Devil

中文《和合本》：

Chinese—CUV:

故此，你们要顺服神。务要抵挡魔鬼，魔鬼就必离开你们逃跑了。

Be subject therefore to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you.

经文解释

Explanation

抵挡魔鬼的第一步不是寻找特别的方法，而是顺服神。

The first step in resisting the devil is not finding a special method. It is submitting to God.

人若拒绝神的话，却想靠自己的勇气抵挡魔鬼，就必然失败。

If a person rejects God’s Word but tries to resist the devil by his own courage, he will fail.

魔鬼常借着谎言、控告、骄傲、惧怕和私欲试探人。

The devil often tempts people through lies, accusation, pride, fear, and sinful desires.

信徒要用神的话揭露谎言，靠基督的福音抵挡控告，并远离容易使自己跌倒的环境。

Believers should use God’s Word to expose lies, depend on Christ’s gospel against accusation, and avoid situations that easily lead them into sin.

抵挡魔鬼不是与他进行好奇的对话，而是坚定拒绝他的谎言和诱惑。

Resisting the devil does not mean having a curious conversation with him. It means firmly rejecting his lies and temptations.

8. 约翰一书5:4——借着信心胜过世界

1 John 5:4—Overcoming the World through Faith

中文《和合本》：

Chinese—CUV:

因为凡从神生的，就胜过世界；使我们胜了世界的，就是我们的信心。

For whatever is born of God overcomes the world. This is the victory that has overcome the world: your faith.

经文解释

Explanation

“世界”在这里不是指神所创造的物质世界，也不是指我们不需要爱世上的人。

“The world” here does not mean God’s physical creation. It also does not mean that we should not love people in the world.

它是指那抵挡神、诱惑人离开神的价值体系。

It means the system of values that opposes God and tempts people to leave Him.

世界告诉我们，金钱、成功、享受、权力、人的称赞和自我实现，才是人生最重要的事。

The world tells us that money, success, pleasure, power, human praise, and self-fulfillment are the most important things in life.

信心使我们看见，基督比世界所能给予的一切更加宝贵。

Faith enables us to see that Christ is more precious than everything the world can give.

我们得胜，不是因为自己的意志比别人坚强，而是因为我们借着信心与得胜的基督联合。

We overcome not because our willpower is stronger than that of others, but because we are united by faith with the victorious Christ.

五、心意更新，结出圣灵的果子

V. Renewing the Mind and Producing the Fruit of the Spirit

9. 罗马书12:2——心意更新而变化

Romans 12:2—Being Transformed by the Renewal of the Mind

中文《和合本》：

Chinese—CUV:

不要效法这个世界，只要心意更新而变化，叫你们察验何为神的善良、纯全、可喜悦的旨意。

Don’t be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, so that you may prove what is the good, well-pleasing, and perfect will of God.

经文解释

Explanation

世界不断用错误的价值观塑造我们的思想。

The world continually shapes our minds with false values.

因此，基督徒需要借着神的话不断更新自己的思想。

Therefore, Christians need God’s Word to renew their thinking continually.

心意更新不只是多知道一些圣经知识，而是让圣经改变我们判断善恶、成功、家庭、工作、金钱和人生目的的方式。

Renewing the mind does not mean only gaining more Bible knowledge. It means allowing Scripture to change how we understand good and evil, success, family, work, money, and the purpose of life.

神的旨意在圣经中已经显明。

God’s will has been revealed in Scripture.

我们越认识神的话，越能在具体生活中分辨什么是神所喜悦的。

The more we know God’s Word, the more we can recognize what pleases Him in daily life.

10. 加拉太书5:22–23——圣灵所结的果子

Galatians 5:22–23—The Fruit of the Spirit

中文《和合本》：

Chinese—CUV:

圣灵所结的果子，就是仁爱、喜乐、和平、忍耐、恩慈、良善、信实、

But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faith,

温柔、节制。这样的事没有律法禁止。

gentleness, and self-control. Against such things there is no law.

经文解释

Explanation

这里说的是圣灵的“果子”，不是人的天然优点。

This passage speaks about the “fruit” of the Spirit, not natural human strengths.

果子需要生命，也需要时间生长。

Fruit requires life, and it also takes time to grow.

圣灵的果子不是靠外表假装出来的，而是圣灵在重生之人里面长期工作的结果。

The fruit of the Spirit is not produced by outward pretending. It is the result of the Spirit’s continuing work in a person who has been born again.

“果子”使用单数，表明这些品格彼此联系，共同构成基督徒生命的样式。

The word “fruit” is singular. This shows that these qualities belong together and form the character of Christian life.

一个人不能说自己很有爱心，却长期没有节制；也不能说自己忠于真理，却总是粗暴而没有温柔。

A person cannot say that he is very loving while continually lacking self-control. He also cannot claim to be faithful to truth while always being harsh and lacking gentleness.

圣灵使我们在家庭、教会、工作和患难中，逐渐显出这些品格。

The Holy Spirit gradually produces these qualities in our family, church, work, and suffering.

六、穿上新人，越来越像基督

VI. Putting On the New Self and Becoming More Like Christ

11. 歌罗西书3:10——新人渐渐更新

Colossians 3:10—The New Self Is Being Renewed

中文《和合本》：

Chinese—CUV:

穿上了新人。这新人在知识上渐渐更新，正如造他主的形像。

And have put on the new man, who is being renewed in knowledge after the image of his Creator.

经文解释

Explanation

基督徒不只是旧人得到一些改善，而是在基督里得到了新的生命和身份。

A Christian is not merely an improved version of the old person. In Christ, he has received new life and a new identity.

“穿上新人”表示信徒应当按照自己在基督里的新身份生活。

“To put on the new self” means that believers should live according to their new identity in Christ.

这种更新是“渐渐”发生的。

This renewal happens gradually.

信徒今生不会达到完全无罪，却应当不断长进，越来越显出创造主的形像。

Believers will not become completely sinless in this life. However, they should continue to grow and increasingly reflect the image of their Creator.

12. 罗马书8:29——效法神儿子的模样

Romans 8:29—Being Conformed to the Image of God’s Son

中文《和合本》：

Chinese—CUV:

因为他预先所知道的人，就预先定下效法他儿子的模样，使他儿子在许多弟兄中作长子。

For whom he foreknew, he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brothers.

经文解释

Explanation

神拯救我们的目的，不只是使我们脱离地狱，也是使我们越来越像祂的儿子。

God’s purpose in saving us is not only to rescue us from hell. It is also to make us more like His Son.

神的预定不应使信徒懒惰，反而保证神必在祂儿女身上完成成圣的工作。

God’s predestination should not make believers lazy. Instead, it guarantees that God will complete His sanctifying work in His children.

基督是我们的救主，也是我们生命完全的榜样。

Christ is our Savior, and He is also the perfect pattern for our lives.

神甚至使用患难、管教和长期的忍耐塑造我们，使我们越来越像基督。

God even uses suffering, discipline, and long periods of endurance to shape us and make us more like Christ.

13. 哥林多后书3:18——变成主的形像

2 Corinthians 3:18—Being Transformed into the Lord’s Image

中文《和合本》：

Chinese—CUV:

我们众人既然敞着脸得以看见主的荣光，好像从镜子里返照，就变成主的形状，荣上加荣，如同从主的灵变成的。

But we all, with unveiled face seeing the glory of the Lord as in a mirror, are transformed into the same image from glory to glory, even as from the Lord, the Spirit.

经文解释

Explanation

信徒借着福音看见基督的荣耀，圣灵就使他们逐渐变成基督的形像。

As believers see Christ’s glory through the gospel, the Holy Spirit gradually transforms them into Christ’s image.

成圣的中心不只是不断检查自己，更是不断仰望基督。

The center of sanctification is not only continual self-examination. It is continual looking to Christ.

我们越在圣经中认识基督的圣洁、恩典、谦卑和慈爱，就越会为自己的罪忧伤，也越渴望像祂。

The more we see Christ’s holiness, grace, humility, and love in Scripture, the more we grieve over our sin and desire to become like Him.

“荣上加荣”表明，这种变化通常是渐进的，不是瞬间达到完全。

“From glory to glory” shows that this transformation is usually gradual. It does not reach perfection instantly.

使我们发生这种变化的主，乃是圣灵。

The Lord who brings about this transformation is the Holy Spirit.

14. 以弗所书4:13——长成基督的身量

Ephesians 4:13—Growing toward the Fullness of Christ

中文《和合本》：

Chinese—CUV:

直等到我们众人在真道上同归于一，认识神的儿子，得以长大成人，满有基督长成的身量。

Until we all attain to the unity of the faith and of the knowledge of the Son of God, to a full-grown man, to the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ.

经文解释

Explanation

成圣不只是个人独自在家中的事情，也发生在基督的教会里。

Sanctification is not only something that happens to an individual at home. It also happens within Christ’s church.

神借着牧者、教师、弟兄姊妹和教会生活，使我们在真道上成长。

God uses pastors, teachers, other believers, and church life to help us grow in the faith.

成熟的基督徒不只是知道许多教义，也会在爱心、谦卑、顺服和服事中显出基督的生命。

A mature Christian does not only know many doctrines. He also shows Christ’s life through love, humility, obedience, and service.

我们今生不能完全达到基督的圣洁，却要以基督的完全为成长的方向。

We cannot fully reach Christ’s holiness in this life, but His perfection remains the goal of our growth.

七、改革宗教义总结

VII. Reformed Doctrinal Summary

《威斯敏斯特信条》第十三章教导，蒙有效呼召和重生的人，因基督的死与复活，借着祂的道和住在他们里面的圣灵，真实地、亲自地成圣。

Chapter 13 of the Westminster Confession teaches that those who are effectually called and regenerated are truly and personally sanctified through Christ’s death and resurrection, by His Word and by His Spirit dwelling in them.

因此，成圣具有以下几个重要特点：

Therefore, sanctification has several important features:

第一，成圣建立在与基督联合的基础上。

First, sanctification is founded upon union with Christ.

第二，成圣是圣灵在信徒里面的工作。

Second, sanctification is the work of the Holy Spirit within believers.

第三，信徒必须使用神所设立的蒙恩之道，并积极治死罪恶、操练顺服。

Third, believers must use the means of grace appointed by God and actively put sin to death and practice obedience.

第四，成圣在今生并不完全，信徒里面仍有肉体与圣灵之间的争战。

Fourth, sanctification is not complete in this life. The conflict between the flesh and the Spirit remains within believers.

第五，虽然信徒可能暂时受到罪的攻击，圣灵最终必使恩典得胜，使他们在圣洁中不断长进。

Fifth, although believers may temporarily suffer strong attacks from sin, the Holy Spirit will finally cause grace to prevail and make them grow in holiness.

我们不能靠好行为称义，但已经称义的人绝不会永远没有成圣的果子。

We cannot be justified by good works, but a justified person will not remain forever without the fruit of sanctification.

我们不是因结出果子而成为好树，而是神先使我们成为好树，然后使我们结出好果子。

We do not become good trees by producing good fruit. God first makes us good trees, and then He causes us to produce good fruit.